After reading four major philosophies of education, identify which philosophy is followed by Pakistani education system. Elaborate your answer by giving at least three concrete examples



The mixture of the idealism, realism and pragmatism philosophy is being used in Pakistan education system.
But after reading above philosophy in my opinion Pakistani education system follow the philosophy:  Essentialism and Perennialism.  The reasons are discussed below.  
1.  Pakistan is Islamic country and Islam is the state religion in Pakistan. The education policies provide general guidance on inculcating professional ethics and values, but emphasis on Islamic values more. National curriculum is produced by the curriculum wing of the federal ministry of education. And the all provincial textbook boards of Pakistan are responsible for implementing the national curriculum. According to Pakistan education policy of 2017, the policy focus areas are: the propagation of ideology of Islam; teaching of Quran with translation; teaching of AHADIS and SIRAT-A- TAYYABA; character building (TARBIYYA) and purification of soul (TAZKIYYA-AN- NAFS).  And "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law". And Pakistan education system is divided into six levels: Primary, middle, high, secondary, higher secondary, university. 
 
2.  The standard system of education is many inspired from the British educational system. At middle school, single-sex education is usually proffered by the community, but co-education is also common in urban cities. the curriculum is usually subject to the institution. The eight commonly examine disciplines are:  
·         Arts 
·         Mathematics 
·         Modern languages with literature i.e. Urdu and English  
·         General Science (including topics i.e. astronomy, environmental mange met and psychology)  
·         Religious Education i.e. Islamic Studies 
·         Computer Studies and ICT  
·         Social Studies (including Citizenship, Geography, History, Economics, Sociology, Tourism and sometimes elements of law, politics and PHSE)  
And most schools in Pakistan also offer physical education, music and drama studies but these are usually not examined or marked. Sometimes archaeology and anthropology are extensively taught in textbooks of social studies. Provincial and regional language such as Pashto, Punjabi, Sindhi and others may be taught in their respective provides, particularly in language-medium school. Home economics is sometime taught to female students, while agriculture taught to male students. Some institutes give their instruction in foreign language such as Arabic, Chinese, French, and Turkish. However, the language of instruction depends on the nature of the institution itself, whether it is an Urdu-medium school or English-medium school. 
 
3. Objective of curriculum is different in different   according to the nature of educational institutions, but national curriculum objectives are;  
Elementary Education objective  
·         Provide knowledge and develop values, skill, attitudes which are essential to personal development and necessary for living in and contributing to a developing and changing in Pakistani society. 
·         Provide learning experience which increase the child’s awareness and responsiveness to changes in the Pakistani society with the passage of time. 
·         Promote and intensify knowledge, identification with and love for country, the religion, geography, languages and Pakistan culture, philosophy, ideology and practice. 
·         Promote work experiences which develop orientation to the world of work and prepare the learner to honest and gainful work. 
Secondary Education objective:  
·         Continue to promote the objective the elementary education. 
·         Discover and enhance the different aptitudes and interest of students in order to equip them with skills for productive endeavor and or to prepare them for tertiary institute.  
Tertiary Education objective:  
·         Provide general education programs which will promote national cultural consciousness, spiritual vigor, moral integrity, national identity in leaners.  
·         Train leaners to turn nation’s manpower in the skills which are required for Pakistan development. 
·         Develop the professions that will provide leadership for Pakistani nation. 
·         Advance knowledge through research and apply new knowledge for improving the quality of human life and respond effectively to changing Pakistani society.


Reference:
·         EDU 601, lectures, handouts and VULMS important links
·         EDU 402 lecture and EDU 430 lectures
·         Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia search and blogs and Pakistan education system article
·         and
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000479/047939eo.pdf https://www.slideshare.net/naimaumer/curriculum-development-process-in-pakistan-26785120https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-continuum-of-curriculum-development-models.php https://www.slideshare.net/hellooo/pakistan-education-system-22230355 https://www.slideshare.net/sheroz_ramzan/a-comparison-between-education-in-pakistan-and-uk
https://pctb.punjab.gov.pk/rulesandregulations
https://www.slideshare.net/kateycast/curriculum-development-35332997
https://www.slideshare.net/mohammadtoseef52/basic-curriculum-devlopment-concept-and-curriculum-devlopment-modelsp
http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/RevisedCurricula/Documents/2011-2012/Education/CurrDevpt_Sept13.pdf
http://www.moent.gov.pk/userfiles1/file/National%20Educaiton%20Policy%202017.pdf
https://academiamag.com/pakistani-political-parties-manifestos/
https://www.slideshare.net/renrosadia/curriculum-development-handouts-76514024
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLhlnFJhObU
https://www.dawn.com/news/1142070
https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/05/01/pakistans-curriculum-should-not-be-secular-hafiz-saee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y0isSb20PI
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5282428/
https://elections.alifailaan.pk/
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1715489/1-govt-launches-new-curriculum-textbooks-federal-capital/
  https://www.slideshare.net/sqjafery/aims-goals-and-objective-purpose-in-curriculum-development
https://www.slideshare.net/pucchi08in70hyd/education-system-in-pakistan
https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/714059
https://gulfnews.com/news/asia/pakistan/in-education-overhaul-pakistan-launches-new-curriculum-1.2224692
https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/08/18/the-real-objectives-of-education/
https://pakobserver.net/true-purpose-of-education/
https://pakobserver.net/real-purpose-education/
http://ijse.padovauniversitypress.it/system/files/papers/2017_2_6.pdf


https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/08/18/the-real-objectives-of-education/ 



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