After reading four major philosophies of education, identify which philosophy is followed by Pakistani education system. Elaborate your answer by giving at least three concrete examples
The mixture of the idealism,
realism and pragmatism philosophy is being used in Pakistan education system.
But after reading above
philosophy in my opinion Pakistani education system follow the
philosophy: Essentialism and Perennialism. The
reasons are discussed below.
1.
Pakistan is Islamic country and Islam is
the state religion in Pakistan. The education policies provide
general guidance on inculcating professional ethics and values,
but emphasis on Islamic values more. National curriculum is
produced by the curriculum wing of the federal ministry of education. And the
all provincial textbook boards of Pakistan are responsible for
implementing the national curriculum. According to
Pakistan education policy of 2017, the policy focus areas
are: the propagation of ideology of Islam; teaching of Quran with translation;
teaching of AHADIS and SIRAT-A- TAYYABA; character building (TARBIYYA) and
purification of soul (TAZKIYYA-AN- NAFS). And "The State shall
provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to
sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law". And Pakistan
education system is divided into six levels: Primary, middle, high,
secondary, higher secondary, university.
2.
The
standard system of education is many inspired from the British educational
system. At middle school, single-sex education is usually proffered by the
community, but co-education is also common in urban cities. the curriculum is
usually subject to the institution. The eight commonly examine disciplines
are:
·
Arts
·
Mathematics
·
Modern languages with literature i.e.
Urdu and English
·
General
Science (including topics i.e. astronomy, environmental mange met and
psychology)
·
Religious Education i.e. Islamic
Studies
·
Computer Studies and ICT
·
Social
Studies (including Citizenship, Geography, History, Economics,
Sociology, Tourism and sometimes elements of law, politics and
PHSE)
And most schools
in Pakistan also offer physical education, music and drama studies
but these are usually not examined or marked. Sometimes
archaeology and anthropology are extensively taught in textbooks of social
studies. Provincial and regional language such as Pashto, Punjabi, Sindhi and
others may be taught in their respective provides, particularly in
language-medium school. Home economics is sometime taught to female students,
while agriculture taught to male students. Some institutes give their
instruction in foreign language such as Arabic, Chinese, French, and
Turkish. However, the language of instruction depends on the nature
of the institution itself, whether it is an Urdu-medium school or
English-medium school.
3.
Objective of curriculum is different in different
according to the nature of educational institutions, but national curriculum
objectives are;
Elementary
Education objective
·
Provide knowledge and develop values,
skill, attitudes which are essential to personal development and necessary for
living in and contributing to a developing and changing in Pakistani
society.
·
Provide learning experience which
increase the child’s awareness and responsiveness to changes in the Pakistani
society with the passage of time.
·
Promote and intensify knowledge,
identification with and love for country, the religion, geography, languages
and Pakistan culture, philosophy, ideology and practice.
·
Promote work experiences which develop
orientation to the world of work and prepare the learner to honest and gainful
work.
Secondary
Education objective:
·
Continue to promote the objective the
elementary education.
·
Discover and enhance the different
aptitudes and interest of students in order to equip them with skills for
productive endeavor and or to prepare them for tertiary institute.
Tertiary
Education objective:
·
Provide general education programs which
will promote national cultural consciousness, spiritual vigor, moral integrity,
national identity in leaners.
·
Train leaners to turn nation’s manpower
in the skills which are required for Pakistan development.
·
Develop the professions that will
provide leadership for Pakistani nation.
·
Advance knowledge through research and
apply new knowledge for improving the quality of human life and respond
effectively to changing Pakistani society.
Reference:
·
EDU 601, lectures, handouts and
VULMS important links
·
EDU 402 lecture and EDU 430
lectures
·
Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia search and
blogs and Pakistan education system article
·
and
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000479/047939eo.pdf https://www.slideshare.net/naimaumer/curriculum-development-process-in-pakistan-26785120https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-continuum-of-curriculum-development-models.php
https://www.slideshare.net/hellooo/pakistan-education-system-22230355
https://www.slideshare.net/sheroz_ramzan/a-comparison-between-education-in-pakistan-and-uk
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